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[France] Croissant - Premium stamp
A breakfast friend par excellence, the French croissant is a gastronomic symbol of France abroad. Indeed, for nearly 200 years, the croissant from France has become a true tradition of French breakfast. Several legends exist about the invention of the croissant. A tradition makes Marie-Antoinette of Austria, originally from Vienna, the one who officially introduced and popularized the croissant in France from 1770, hence the name viennoiserie. It would be on this occasion that the legend of the origin of the crescent was told: during the siege of Vienna by the Turks in 1683, when the Ottomans wanted to take advantage of the darkness of the night to dig a tunnel under the walls of the city, the Viennese bakers who got up before dawn to prepare their batch would have raised the alarm. To celebrate the victory of the Polish and Austrian troops over the Ottoman troops, the bakers would have had the privilege of making a pastry (called Hörnchen, literally "little horn") with the shape that recalled the emblem appearing on the Ottoman flags. Another version of the same story exists in Budapest during the siege of Buda in 1686, a baker having alerted the city of the attack by the Turks. Many sources report that the first kipferls (croissant ancestor) to be sold in France were at 92, rue de Richelieu in Paris from 1837 to 1839. This is where Austrian bakers August Zang and Ernest Schwarzer opened a Viennese bakery. Their versions of kipferl (croissant-shaped) and kaisersemmel (kaiser bread or emperor's bun) quickly inspired a host of imitators, and the croissant made from brioche dough was already cited in 1850 as a common bread. Towards the end of the 19th century, French bakers replaced the brioche dough with puff pastry. By not changing the particular crescent shape of the croissant, this transformation inevitably altered its taste. The new croissant was a huge success and has remained until now a typical French indulgence.
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