The Velvet Revolution was a series of events that unfolded in Czechoslovakia during the latter part of 1989, leading to the end of 41 years of communist rule.

The revolution was spurred by a combination of factors, including dissatisfaction with the communist regime, economic struggles, and a desire for political reform. The inspiration for change was part of a broader wave of movements across Eastern Europe during the late 1980s.

The revolution was triggered by the police suppression of a peaceful student demonstration in Prague on November 17, 1989, which marked the International Students' Day. The violent response by authorities sparked widespread public outrage and galvanized various sectors of society.

In the following days and weeks, mass protests erupted across the country, drawing diverse groups of people, including students, intellectuals, and ordinary citizens. These protests demanded political reforms, freedom, and an end to the one-party rule.

The movement was led by a coalition of dissident groups, including Civic Forum led by playwright Václav Havel and Public Against Violence in Slovakia.

The revolution earned its name "Velvet" because it was remarkably peaceful and non-violent. Unlike many other uprisings in the region, there was no significant bloodshed, and the transition of power happened relatively smoothly.

As the pressure mounted, the communist government began negotiations with the opposition. On December 10, 1989, Czechoslovak President Gustáv Husák appointed a new government, and on December 10, 1989, the entire communist leadership resigned, including Husák.

Václav Havel, a key dissident and leader of Civic Forum, became the new president on December 29, 1989, marking the first time a non-communist held the presidency in Czechoslovakia since 1948.